Fabrication of PES Modified by TiO2/Na2Ti3O7 Nanocomposite Mixed-Matrix Woven Membrane for Enhanced Performance of Forward Osmosis: Influence of Membrane Orientation and Feed Solutions

Water treatment is regarded as one of the essential elements sustainability. To lower cost treatment, wastewater volume reduced via osmotic process. Here, mixed-matrix woven forward osmosis (MMWFO) PES membranes modified by a TiO2/Na2Ti3O7 (TNT) nanocomposite were fabricated for treating water from different sources. Various techniques used to characterize TNT nanocomposite. The crystal structure mix monoclinic Na2Ti3O7 and anorthic TiO2 with preferred orientation (2−11). SEM image shows that surface morphology forked nano-fur varying sizes regularly distributed throughout sample. impact wt.% on membrane morphologies, functional groups, hydrophilicity, performance was investigated. Additionally, using distilled (DW) feed solution (FS), effects various NaCl concentrations, draw solutions, orientations tested. Different samples obtained sources treated FS optimized PES/TNT (0.01 wt.%) MMWFO membrane. Using textile effluent FS, DS concentrations permeated results show generated at 0.01 ratio performed better in FO mode. After 30 min use 1 M provided steady flow exhibited antifouling behavior. DW than other types whenever it owing its greater (136 LMH) reduction (52%). Tap (TW), industrial (TIWW), gray (GW), municipal (MW) showed reductions 41%, 34%, 33%, 31.9%, respectively. when utilizing TIWW resulted more 0.25 0.5 M, yet higher 41% obtained.